| Pine needle oil Usage And Synthesis |
| Description |
Dwarf pine needles oil is an essential oil obtained by steam or steam-water distillation of the comminuted needles and twigs of dwarf pine. Main constituents of dwarf pine needles oil include l-α-pinene, β-pinene, l-limonene, dipentene, l-phellandrene, aldehydes, various esters, and alcohols. Dwarf pine needles oil has antiphologistic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antineuralgic, antiviral, antiscorbutic, deodorant, decongestant, diuretic, disinfectant, expectorant, stimulant, tonic, and antifugal properties.
Dwarf pine needles oil can be used to help clear mucus from the lungs. It is used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages and as a flavoring and fragrance in cough and cold medicines, vaporizer fluids, nasal decongestants, and ointments to relief pain. It can be used as fragrance in soaps and cosmetics. It is also added into ointments and applied directly to the skin to prevent skin infections.
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| Chemical Properties |
Dwarf-pine-needle oil is obtained in Austria (Tyrol) and other mountainous areas of Central and Southeast Europe by steam distillation of fresh needles and twig tips of Pinus mugo Turra ssp. mugo and ssp. pumilio (Haenke) Franco. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant, balsamic odor.
d2020 0.858–0.868; n20D 1.474–1.478; α20D 15 ° to 7 °; solubility: 1 vol in ≤10 vol of 90% ethanol. Content by GC: α-pinene 10–30%;β-pinene 3–14%; 3-carene 5–25%; β-phellandrene 8–17%; limonene 8–14%; bornyl acetate 1–5%. |
| Chemical Properties |
The essential oil is obtained by steam or steam-water distillation of the comminuted needles and twigs in yields of 0.3 to 0.4%. The oil has a pleasant aromatic odor and bitter, pungent taste. |
| Physical properties |
It is a clear, almost colorless, mobile liquid. |
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